The Muslim presence in Jaen dates back to the early 8th century when the Umayyad Caliphate expanded into the Iberian Peninsula. This period, known as Al-Andalus, saw the flourishing of Islamic culture, science, and architecture. Jaén, like many other cities in Andalusia, became a significant centre of Muslim rule and culture.
Muslim architecture in Jaen is characterised by its intricate designs, use of geometric patterns, and incorporation of natural elements such as water and light. The Arab Baths of Jaén, dating back to the 11th century, are a prime example of this architectural style. These baths, also known as hammams, were not only places for bathing but also social and cultural hubs.
The influence of Muslim architecture can also be seen in the numerous castles and fortifications built during this period. These structures were strategically located to defend against invasions and to control important trade routes. The castles of Baños de la Encina, Canena, and Sabiote are notable examples of this architectural heritage.
In Jaen, under the Palace of Villardompardo, the Baths of Alí may be visited. It is worth mentioning that the restoration work carried out on them won the Europa Nostra prize. Other Arab Baths are located in the old Royal Slaughterhouse.
On the way to Sierra Morena, the castle of Baños de la Encina from the Caliphate period can be seen, which used to block the strategic pass through the Castilian plateau to the Guadalquivir valley. A place not too far from here was the scene of one of the most decisive battles fought between Moors and Christians: Navas de Tolosa.
The castles of Canena and Sabiote, originally of Arab origin, were later transformed into magnificent Renaissance palaces, showcasing the architectural evolution over centuries.
To conclude this route, a visit to the Arab Baths of Segura de la Sierra is highly recommended. These baths, dating back to the 11th and 12th centuries, offer a fascinating insight into the region's Islamic heritage. The town hall organises guided tours, providing visitors with an in-depth understanding of the historical and cultural significance of these baths.
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